Surgery
Ovariohysterectomy (removal of the ovaries and uterus) vs ovariectomy (removal of the ovaries only) is recommended for female dogs. These two procedures will be discussed with the owner to decide the best option for the pet. The age of spaying will vary based on the breed and or size of the patient.
Castration (neutering) - recommended for male dogs. The recommended age of neutering will vary based on the breed and or size of the patient.
Soft tissue surgery - includes mass removals, enucleation, gastro-intestinal procedures (enterotomy, resection and anastomosis), splenectomy, cystotomy, and diagnostic biospy (liver, intestines, lymph node, etc.).
Orthopedic surgery - limited procedures include amputations (tail, toe, limb) and femoral head and neck osteotomy.